Rectal cancer is a serious condition that affects thousands of individuals every year. It arises in the rectum, which is the last several inches of the large intestine before the anus. While it shares many similarities with colon cancer, rectal cancer has unique challenges due to its location in the body. Early detection and treatment are crucial to improving outcomes and ensuring the best quality of life for patients.
At Park Avenue Colon and Rectal Surgery, our specialists are committed to providing cutting-edge care for patients diagnosed with rectal cancer. In this blog, we will explore rectal cancer in detail, including its symptoms, risk factors, diagnostic methods, and treatment options.
What is Rectal Cancer?
Rectal cancer begins when cells in the lining of the rectum grow uncontrollably. These cancerous cells can form polyps that may develop into malignant tumors over time. The condition can be life-threatening if left untreated, but advancements in medical science have significantly improved treatment options and survival rates.
Common Symptoms of Rectal Cancer
Recognizing the symptoms of rectal cancer early can lead to timely intervention and better prognosis. Common symptoms include:
- Changes in bowel habits – Persistent diarrhea, constipation, or changes in stool consistency.
- Rectal bleeding – Blood in the stool, which may appear bright red or dark.
- Persistent abdominal discomfort – Cramping, bloating, or unexplained pain.
- Unexplained weight loss – Losing weight without changes in diet or exercise.
- Fatigue and weakness – Ongoing tiredness and reduced energy levels.
- Sensation of incomplete bowel movements – Feeling like the bowel does not empty completely.
If you are experiencing any of these symptoms, it is essential to consult a specialist for further evaluation.
Risk Factors for Rectal Cancer
Several factors can increase the likelihood of developing rectal cancer, including:
- Age – Most cases occur in individuals over the age of 50, though younger adults can also be affected.
- Family history – A family history of colorectal cancer can increase the risk.
- Personal history of polyps – Individuals with a history of colorectal polyps or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are at higher risk.
- Lifestyle factors – Diets high in red and processed meats, obesity, smoking, and excessive alcohol consumption can contribute to the development of rectal cancer.
- Genetic syndromes – Conditions such as Lynch syndrome and familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) can lead to a higher risk of colorectal cancer.
Diagnosis of Rectal Cancer
Early detection is critical for successful treatment. Common diagnostic methods include:
- Colonoscopy – A flexible tube with a camera is used to examine the rectum and colon for polyps or tumors.
- Biopsy – A sample of suspicious tissue is taken and examined under a microscope.
- Imaging Tests – CT scans, MRI, and PET scans help determine the cancer’s location and stage.
- Blood Tests – CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen) levels may be checked to monitor cancer progression.
Treatment Options for Rectal Cancer
Treatment for rectal cancer depends on its stage and may involve one or a combination of the following approaches:
- Surgery – The primary treatment, which may include a local excision or more extensive procedures like a low anterior resection or abdominoperineal resection.
- Radiation Therapy – Often used before surgery to shrink tumors and improve surgical outcomes.
- Chemotherapy – Used to kill cancer cells and may be administered before or after surgery.
- Targeted Therapy – Drugs designed to target specific cancer cell characteristics.
- Immunotherapy – Helps the immune system recognize and attack cancer cells.
Comprehensive Q&A on Rectal Cancer
Q: Is rectal cancer preventable?
A: While not entirely preventable, risk can be reduced by maintaining a healthy diet, exercising regularly, avoiding tobacco and excessive alcohol, and undergoing routine screenings.
Q: How often should I get screened for rectal cancer?
A: Screening typically begins at age 45-50 for those at average risk. Those with a family history or other risk factors may need earlier and more frequent screenings.
Q: What is the survival rate for rectal cancer?
A: Survival rates depend on the cancer stage at diagnosis. When detected early, the five-year survival rate can be as high as 90%.
Q: Can rectal cancer recur after treatment?
A: Yes, rectal cancer can return, which is why regular follow-ups with a specialist are crucial.
Q: Will I need a colostomy bag after rectal cancer surgery?
A: In some cases, a colostomy may be required temporarily or permanently, depending on the extent of the surgery.
Q: Are there any side effects of rectal cancer treatment?
A: Side effects may include fatigue, digestive changes, and potential complications from surgery or radiation. Your doctor will discuss ways to manage these.
Trust Park Avenue Colon and Rectal Surgery for Expert Care
If you or a loved one is experiencing symptoms or has been diagnosed with rectal cancer, seeking expert care is essential. At Park Avenue Colon and Rectal Surgery, we specialize in comprehensive diagnosis, treatment, and compassionate support for patients facing rectal cancer.
Contact Us:
📍 Address: 36 E 36th St, 1C, New York City, NY 10016
📞 Phone: (646) 822-0228
Our team is dedicated to providing personalized and effective treatment strategies to help you achieve the best possible outcome. Schedule an appointment today to discuss your options with our specialists.