Anal fistulas are a painful and often frustrating condition that affects many individuals. If left untreated, they can lead to chronic discomfort and complications. At Park Avenue Colon and Rectal Surgery, our expert team provides advanced treatment options to help patients achieve lasting relief.
What is an Anal Fistula?
An anal fistula is an abnormal tunnel that forms between the anal canal and the skin near the anus. This condition usually develops as a result of an infected anal gland that does not heal properly, leading to the formation of an abscess. When the abscess drains, it can create a tunnel that connects the infected gland to the skin, resulting in an anal fistula.
Causes of Anal Fistulas
Several factors can contribute to the development of anal fistulas, including:
- Anal Abscesses: The most common cause, occurring when an infected anal gland leads to the formation of a pus-filled cavity.
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD): Conditions such as Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis increase the risk of developing fistulas.
- Infections: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) or tuberculosis can lead to fistula formation.
- Surgery or Trauma: Prior surgeries, childbirth-related injuries, or trauma to the anal region can sometimes cause fistulas.
- Cancer or Radiation Therapy: Rarely, anal fistulas can develop due to colorectal cancer or radiation therapy for pelvic cancers.
Symptoms of Anal Fistulas
Common signs and symptoms of an anal fistula include:
✔ Persistent pain in the anal area, especially when sitting or moving
✔ Swelling or redness near the anus
✔ Pus or blood discharge from an opening near the anus
✔ Recurring anal abscesses
✔ Skin irritation, itching, or foul-smelling drainage
✔ Fever, chills, and general malaise in severe cases
Diagnosing an Anal Fistula
At Park Avenue Colon and Rectal Surgery, our specialists perform a thorough evaluation to diagnose anal fistulas. This may include:
- Physical Examination: A visual inspection and digital rectal exam to check for external openings and swelling.
- Imaging Tests: MRI, CT scans, or ultrasound may be used to map the fistula’s course.
- Anoscopy: A specialized scope may be used to assess the anal canal and rectum.
Treatment Options for Anal Fistulas
The treatment approach depends on the complexity of the fistula. At Park Avenue Colon and Rectal Surgery, we offer the latest surgical and non-surgical treatments, including:
1. Fistulotomy
✔ The most common procedure, in which the fistula is surgically opened and allowed to heal from the inside out.
✔ Highly effective for simple fistulas.
2. Seton Placement
✔ A seton (surgical thread) is placed through the fistula to allow drainage and prevent abscess formation.
✔ Used for complex fistulas to promote healing before further surgery.
3. Advancement Flap Procedure
✔ A tissue flap is taken from inside the rectum to cover the fistula’s internal opening.
✔ Often recommended for patients at risk of incontinence.
4. LIFT Procedure (Ligation of Intersphincteric Fistula Tract)
✔ A minimally invasive technique that closes the fistula while preserving anal sphincter function.
5. Fibrin Glue or Biologic Plug
✔ A non-surgical approach that seals the fistula using medical-grade glue or biologic tissue.
✔ Suitable for patients who want to avoid surgery.
6. Laser Fistula Treatment
✔ A newer, minimally invasive technique that uses laser energy to close the fistula tract.
✔ Reduces pain and speeds up healing.
Recovery and Post-Treatment Care
After treatment, patients should follow specific care guidelines to promote healing:
✔ Keep the area clean and dry.
✔ Use sitz baths (warm water baths) to reduce discomfort.
✔ Take prescribed pain relievers and antibiotics if needed.
✔ Maintain a high-fiber diet to prevent constipation.
✔ Avoid strenuous activities until cleared by your surgeon.
Q&A: Common Questions About Anal Fistulas
1. Are Anal Fistulas Dangerous?
While not life-threatening, untreated anal fistulas can lead to recurrent infections, severe pain, and complications like incontinence or deeper infections.
2. Can an Anal Fistula Heal on Its Own?
No. Anal fistulas typically do not heal without medical intervention. Treatment is necessary to prevent further infection and discomfort.
3. What Happens If I Ignore an Anal Fistula?
Ignoring a fistula can result in chronic infections, pain, and the development of more complex fistulas, making treatment more challenging.
4. How Long Does It Take to Recover From Surgery?
Recovery time varies depending on the procedure. Most patients heal within 2-6 weeks, but more complex surgeries may require longer healing times.
5. Will I Experience Pain After Treatment?
Some discomfort is expected but can be managed with medications and sitz baths. The pain usually decreases significantly within a few days.
6. Can I Prevent Anal Fistulas?
While not all fistulas are preventable, maintaining good hygiene, managing digestive health, and treating underlying conditions like Crohn’s disease can reduce the risk.
7. Is Surgery the Only Option?
Non-surgical options like fibrin glue or biologic plugs exist but are not always effective. Your doctor will determine the best approach based on your condition.
8. Will My Insurance Cover Anal Fistula Treatment?
Most insurance plans cover medically necessary procedures. Our office can assist in verifying your benefits.
Contact Park Avenue Colon and Rectal Surgery
If you’re experiencing symptoms of an anal fistula, don’t wait to seek expert care. At Park Avenue Colon and Rectal Surgery, we provide compassionate and state-of-the-art treatment options tailored to your needs.
📍 Address: 36 E 36th St, 1C, New York City, NY 10016
📞 Phone: (646) 822-0228
Call us today to schedule a consultation and take the first step toward relief and healing.